Mechanism for waving hair



y 31, 1932! j A. J. BUCHE: 1,860,352

MECHANISM FOR WAVING HAIR Filed Sept. 29, 1931 1 '1 LATIORNEY Patented May 31, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ALEXANDER J. BUCHL, OF CRESTWOOD, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO .ALEXANDER OF NEW YORK, INCL, OF HOT SPRINGS, VIRGINIA, A CORPORATION OF VIRGINIA.

MECHANISM FOR WAVING HAIR Application filed September 29, 1931. Serial No. 565,754.

This invention relates to improvements in methods and mechanism for waving hair.

Objects of this invention are to provide a method and apparatus which will simplify and facilitate the methods and mechanism used in permanent waving of hair; to facilitate the operation of winding the hair'on a winding spindle preparatory to heat treatment thereof; to provide a method and apparatus by the use of which ,the hands of the operator will have more freedom during the winding operation and the tress or look of hair may be more quickly and more uniformly distributed and wound upon a;winding spindle; to provide a method and apparatus by the use of which the first wave in a tress may be formed closer to the scalp than heretofore; to provide a method and apparatus by the use of which tension on the lock of hair may, during winding, be more uniformly applied; to provide a method and apparatus by the use of which the face of the hair-clamping element will be freed from looking projections or brackets and the tress 5 or lock of hair itself may be utilized to hold or retain the winding spindle with the lock of hair wound thereon in properly aligned position relatively to the clampingelement to enable the application of a heater thereto.

With these and other objects in view, the

invention comprises the combination of members and arrangement of parts so combined as to co-act and co-operate with each other in the performance of the functions and the accomplishment of the results herein contemplated, and comprises in one of its adaptions the species or preferred form illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which, Fig. 1 is a view, partly in section and partly-in side elevation, of a lock of hair I from a persons scalp initially clamped and then wound by a winding mechanism of my invention having a covering and electric 0 heater applied thereto;

Fig. 2 is a view, in plan, of the lock or tress of hair having the pad and clamp applied thereto before being wound on the winding element;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the winding element embodying my invention;.

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3 looking in the direction of the arrow, and showing the method of fastening of the spring pawl to the non-rotatable head of my hair winding element;

F i 5 is a section on the line 55 of Fig. 3 100 ing in the direction of the arrow and showing the ratchet-wheel employed by me;

Figs. 6 and 7 are edge andside views of the spring-pawl and its disc employed by me;

Fig. 8,is a side elevation, partly in section, of the tress-clamp employed by me; and

Fig. 9 is a bottom view of the clamp shown in Fi 8. f

Referring now. to these figures, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of my invention, l0 indicatesa lock or tress of hair over which is first applied a slitted pad 11 composed of suitable fabric having a slit 11' through which the hair is extendedso that'the pad rests upon the scalp of the person being treated. A clamp 12 is then applied to flatten out and securely clamp and hold the tress or lock of hair close to the scalp.

In the preferred embodiment of my invention, the clamp employed by me comprises a base member 12' preferably composed of a condensation product and is provided at one end with a hinged bracket 12 suitably fastened to the base and having pivoted or hinged thereto a metal bar 12" elliptical in cross-section and provided intermediate its ends with a rubber roller 12. Said bar has pivoted at its free end a link 12 adapted to be inserted within a slot 12 in the base member 12. The free end of the link 12 is provided with a locking bar 12 having. adjacent to its pivoted end a locking cam 12 adapted to interengage wit-h a notch 12 in the base member 12 and said locking bar is provided with a spacing projection 12 adapted to space the inner edge of the bar from the bottom of the clamp.

The tress or lock of hair is then combed and Wetted with a treating solution and is then wound by means of my improved hairwinding mechanism 13, upon a winding spindle 14. The winding mechanism is an important element in my ivention, as the construction thereof greatly facilitates the op- -eration, manipulation and the winding of the the winding spindle a non-rotatable carriage which can readil and easily be held by the Operator in one and while the winding can be accomplished by the other hand, thus eliminating the necessity of an operator simultaneously rolling the spindle with both hands while applying the stress required. 7

In the preferred embodiment of my in vention illustrated, a spindle 14 is-provided with a segmental sleeve or arm 14' which is ivoted at one side. of a centrally-located air-channel 14 for the lock of hair. The segmental sleeve 14 is raised and lowered over the end of the lock of hair to retain the same during the starting of the winding operaticn. Asshown, the winding spindle is provided at the right-hand end with a key 14", the shank 14" of which is formed integrally with the spindle by reducing the diameter of the end thereof. I thus provide a fixed key element connected to the right- .;hand end of the spindle 14. The opposite "end of the spindle is provided with'a head 15 having a pivotal or swivel connection through a threaded pin or screw 15* with the left-hand 'end'jlfi, and the end of the extension of-the helfldjlfi and spindle 14 have arranged between-them a ratchet and pawl mechan sm 'w'hich'win permit the spindle to be turned in one direction .relatively to the head 15, while looking the same against rotation in relation thereto in the opposite direction.

- As illustrated,'the left hand end of the spindle is hollowed out to provide a socket 14' as shown in Fig. 3 and a ratchet wheel 16 is fixedly fastened to the inner wall of the socket 14, and an extension 15' of the head 15 extends within the socket 14 and has a pawl 17 fastened to the end face thereof so as to contact with the ratchet wheel.

As illustrated, the pawl 17 is formed integrally with a disk 17 which is provided with a lug 17 fitting into a radial-01315 in the extension 15' of the headflifand thus pro viding a fixedconnectionof the disk with the head 15'. The'said disk 17 has struck up therefrom the resilient pawl 17 which, as

shown in Fig. 5 is adapted to contact with 'the spokes 16' of the ratchet wheel and to click over the same during movement of the parts in one direction while engaging the spokes to prevent the movement of the parts in the opposite direction.

The outer end of the head 15 has pivotally mounted therein an abutment bar 18 which is preferably utilized during the major portion of the winding operation as a handle and which when the winding operation is nearly completed is swung pivotally across the lock of hair to provide an abutment between the head 15 and the clamp'12. When this abutment member 18 abuts against the clamp 12, a further tightening of the hair on the spindle may be accomplished by a further turning of the key 14. cause the spindle and wound hair to be firmly held in position closely adjacent to the clamp and the lock of hair itself will be utilized for holding the spindle in contact with the Such tightening will clamp, for maintaining said spindle with its abutment bar 18 in close proximity to the clamp, and for aligning the spindle with the opening between the clamping members.

In the preferred embodiment of my invention, the bar 18 is provided at its free end with an angularlv bent portion 18' having a notch end 18 adapted when the bar 18 is swung across the lock of hair to fit over and interlock with the shank portion- 14 of the winding key so as to more securely position and retain said bar 18 in relation to the winding spindle 14. i

The wound hair having been, as aforesaid, wetted with a treating solution before winding on the spindle is now covered with pads or sheets of conventional absorbent and heat retaining materials and an electric heater is then applied over these pads to produce the 1permanent waving of the lock or tress of air. a

Though operation of the device will be substantially clear to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, it may be added that the slitted fabric pad 11 is first applied over a lock or tress of hair close to the roots of the hair on the scalp, the clamp 12 is then applied over and close to the pad. The tress of hair is then combed and wetted with a suitable solution. The winding mechanism 13 with the arm 18 extended is then applied to the end of the wetted lock or tress of hair, the pivoted segmental sleeve 14 being raised to admit the end of the lock of hair. and lowered to engage said end which is properlv and evenly distributed on the spindle. The operator then holds the bar 18 in his left hand without turning and rotates the spinde 14 about its axis to wind the lock or tress of hair thereon. This is accomplished by turning the winding key 14 and integral shank 14". Such stress as is necessary can be readily applied through the nonrotating rod 18 and head 15,which form a handle and carriagefifor the spindle, and

some of the fingers of the operator will be free to distribute the hair on the spindle during the winding operation. This winding operation, in which it was heretofore necessary for the operator to use both hands to turn the spindle from the opposite ends, is greatly facilitated. In my preferred 'meth- 0d, the spindle is wound until it reaches a position about one inch from the clamp whereupon the abutment rod or bar 18 is swung across the lock of hair and the notch 18 at its free end is engaged with the shank 14 of the key. This key 14 is then turned until the bar 18 abuts against the clamp and is then further turned to tighten up the spindle with its wound hair close to the clamp. The abutment rod in this operation abuts against the clamp and the strand of hair itself is utilized as the connecting and aligning means. It will be understood that the bar 18 may, if desired, be swung across the lock or tress of hair at the beginning of the winding operation, but if swung across at this time, its value as a handle for the nonrotating head 15 is lost.

The hair may be tightened on the spindle 14 until the bar 18 closely contacts with the clamp and above the portions of hairextending through the clamp. This bar 18 tins forms an element which engages and holds the hair between the winding spindle and clamp and enables thebeginning of the first wave to be formed close to the clamp and to the scalp, thus serving to improve the formation of the wave. When the hair is tightened on the spindle an absorbent pad 19 having a heat-retaining envelope of silver leaf is applied over the wound hair. after which heat is applied through an electric heater 20 of conventional design, connection between the heater and source of electric energy being obtained through the plug 21 and wires 22.

As many changes could be made in the above construction and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof; it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having described my invention, I claim 1. Apparatus for waving hair on the scalp embodying, in combination, a hair winding mechanism comprising a centrally-located winding spindle, a carriage head having a swivel connection with said winding spindle at one end, means connected with said carriage head for manual engagement and holding against rotation with the winding spindle, and a winding key fixedly connected to said winding spindle at the opposite end thereof.

2. Apparatus for waving hair on the scalp embodying, in combination, a haiwindin mechanism comprising a centrally-locate winding spindle, a carriage head having a swivel connection with said winding spindle at one end, means connected with said carriage head for manual engagement and holdingagainst rotation with the winding spindle, a windin key fixedly connected to said winding spin le at the opposite end thereof, and a ratchet-and-pawl mechanism interposed between the said carriage element and winding spindle.

3. Apparatus for waving hair on the scalp embodying, in combination, a hair waving element comprising a centrally located winding spindle, a carriage element having a swivel connection with said winding spindle at one end to permit relative rotation of the winding spindle and carriage element, a winding key fixedly connected to said wind- .ing spindle at the opposite end thereof, and a ratchet-and-pawl mechanism interposed between the sa1d carriage element and winding spindle, said ratchet-and-pawl mechanism being com osed of a spokedratchet wheel having a xed connection with one member and said pawl being formed integrally with a disk having a fixedly connection with the other member.

4. Apparatus for waving hair on the scalp embodying in combination, a hair waving mechanism comprising a carriage element, a winding spindle rotatably mounted in said carriage element comprising a carriage head having an abutment bar pivotally mounted in said head to swing across the tress of hair on the spindle.

5. Apparatus for waving hair on the scalp embodying, in combination, a clamp for engaging a lock or tress of hair, a winding mechanism comprising a winding spindle having connected thereto a segmental sleeve for fastening to the winding spindle the end of a lock of hair, a carriage-head having a swivel connectionwith one end of said winding spindle, a pawl-and-ratchet mechanism interposed between said head and winding spindle, a key connected to the spindle at the end thereof opposite to the said head, and an abutment bar pivoted transversely on said head and adapted to swing across the tress of hair and to abut against the clamp in wound position of the hair.

6. Apparatus for waving embodying, in combination, gaging a lock or tress of mechanism comprising a having connected thereto a segmental sleeve for fastening to the win ding spindle the end of a lock of hair, a carriage-head having swivel connection with one end of said wind-' ing spindle, a pawl-and-ratchet mechanism interposed between said head and winding spindle, a key connected to the spindle at the end thereof opposite to the sa1d carriage hair on the scalp a. clamp forenhair, a winding winding spindle head, and an abutment bar pivoted on said carriage head and adapted to swing across the tress of hair and to abutagainst the clamp in wound position of the hair, said abutment bar having at its free end a. looking notch adapted to interlock with the shank of the winding key.

In Witness whereof I have signed my name to the foregoing specification.

ALEXANDER J. BUCHL. 

